Roles of TLR/MyD88/MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in the Regulation of Phagocytosis and Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Response to E. faecalis Infection

PloS One
Jun Zou, Nathan Shankar

Abstract

Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal bacterium residing in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, but in certain situations it is also an opportunistic pathogen which can cause serious disease. Macrophages have been shown to play a critical role in controlling infections by commensal enterococci and also have an important role in mediating chromosomal instability and promoting colon cancer during high-level enterococcal colonization in genetically susceptible mice. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of macrophages with enterococci during infection are not fully understood. In this study, using BMDM and RAW264.7 macrophages we show that enterococcal infection activates ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK as well as NF-κB, and drives polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype. Inhibition of NF-κB activation significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, as did the inhibition of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK, although to differing extent. Enterococci-induced activation of these pathways and subsequent cytokine expression was contact dependent, modest compared to activation by E. coli and, required the adaptor protein MyD88. Phagocytosis of enterococci by macrophages was enhanced by preopsonization with E. ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 26, 2013·Chemistry & Biology·Matthew A NixGlenn L Millhauser
Oct 8, 2016·Immunology and Cell Biology·Sachin SharmaSubhrajit Biswas
May 16, 2017·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Quanxin GaoJing Lv
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Jan 26, 2020·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Su-Geun LimWon-Ha Lee
Jul 6, 2017·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Chenlu WuYuanyi Peng
Mar 12, 2019·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Surapong KoonpaewAnan Jongkaewwattana
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Nov 19, 2019·International Immunopharmacology·Jianwei SunJiajie Zhang
Jan 26, 2021·Journal of Oral Microbiology·Mohamed Mohamed ElashiryFranklin Tay
Oct 29, 2020·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Xinyu YangHongcai Shang
Aug 8, 2018·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Lu WangShuwen Yu

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
scraping
protein assay
electrophoresis
flow cytometry
FACS

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