Roots and routes of Russian neurosurgery (from surgical neurology towards neurological surgery)

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
Boleslav Lichterman

Abstract

Regular and purposeful neurosurgical interventions started at the end of the nineteenth century. Both surgical and neurological roots of the emerging speciality could be traced. The surgical roots of neurosurgery were the invention of anaesthesia, aseptics and antiseptics which made brain operations relatively safe and markedly reduced postoperative mortality. The neurological roots were the improvement of topical diagnosis in neurology and the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. The first operating room at the neurology department of the Russian Military Medical Academy was established in 1897 by the famous Russian neurologist and psychiatrist Vladimir Bekhterev (1857-1927). According to Bekhterev, neurology should become a surgical speciality like gynaecology or opthalmology and "neurologists will take a knife in their hands and do what they should do". Bekhterev's pupil Ludwig Puusepp (1875-1942) became the first full-time Russian neurosurgeon ("surgical neurologist"). He headed the first university course in surgical neurology in the world organised in 1909 at Bekhterev's Psychoneurological Institutte in St. Petersburg and bacame professor of surgical neurology in 1910. The role of neurologist...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 17, 2007·Journal of the History of the Neurosciences·Richard Satran
Mar 17, 2007·Journal of the History of the Neurosciences·Boleslav Lichterman
Jul 6, 2013·Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA·Wen-Kuei FangKuo-Chang Huang
Nov 28, 2015·Journal of Neurosurgery·Demitre Serletis, T Glenn Pait

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