Routine opt-out rapid HIV screening and detection of HIV infection in emergency department patients

JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association
Jason S HaukoosDenver Emergency Department HIV Opt-Out Study Group

Abstract

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine (nontargeted) opt-out HIV screening in health care settings, including emergency departments (EDs), where the prevalence of undiagnosed infection is 0.1% or greater. The utility of this approach in EDs remains unknown. To determine whether nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening in the ED was associated with identification of more patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection than physician-directed diagnostic rapid HIV testing. Quasi-experimental equivalent time-samples design in an urban public safety-net hospital with an approximate annual ED census of 55,000 patient visits. Patients were 16 years or older and capable of providing consent for rapid HIV testing. Nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening and physician-directed diagnostic rapid HIV testing alternated in sequential 4-month time intervals between April 15, 2007, and April 15, 2009. Number of patients with newly identified HIV infection and the association between nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening and identification of HIV infection. In the opt-out phase, of 28,043 eligible ED patients, 6933 patients (25%) completed HIV testing (6702 patients were screened; 231 patients were diagnostically t...Continue Reading

Associated Clinical Trials

Jan 29, 2013·Patrick Mallon

Citations

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May 16, 2014·Sexually Transmitted Diseases·Jason S HaukoosMeggan M Bucossi
Apr 29, 2014·The American Journal of Emergency Medicine·Yu-Hsiang HsiehRichard E Rothman
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