S(+)-ketamine attenuates increase in electroencephalograph activity and amplitude height of sensory-evoked potentials during rapid opioid detoxification

Anesthesia and Analgesia
Enno FreyeJoseph Victor Levy

Abstract

Anesthesia-assisted opioid detoxification offers an opportunity for patients who have undergone unsuccessful conventional detoxifications. Little is known of excitatory effects taking place in the central nervous system during this procedure. Because acute withdrawal is accompanied by N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-receptor activation we tested whether the administration of the nonspecific N-methyl-d-aspartic acid antagonist S(+)-ketamine results in a reduction of hyperactivity in the central nervous system. Thirty-one patients with a long history of opioid abuse were acutely withdrawn with naltrexone during propofol/clonidine anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. Electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra as well as median nerve-evoked somatosensory potentials (SSEP) were determined at the following times: evening before detoxification (control), steady-state propofol/clonidine-anesthesia, 30 min after naltrexone administration, and 5 min and 60 min after additional S(+)-ketamine (1.5 mg/kg). Compared to steady-state anesthesia, naltrexone induced a decrease by 270% in the low delta (0.5-3 Hz) and an increase by 110% in the fast beta (13-30 Hz) domain of the EEG with only minor changes in the theta-(3-7 Hz) and alpha-(7-13 Hz)...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 8, 2007·Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery·Daniel C JavittMihály Hajós
Oct 24, 2007·Peptides·Richard J Bodnar

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