Sad3 and sad4 are required for saponin biosynthesis and root development in oat.

The Plant Cell
Panagiota MylonaAnne Osbourn

Abstract

Avenacins are antimicrobial triterpene glycosides that are produced by oat (Avena) roots. These compounds confer broad-spectrum resistance to soil pathogens. Avenacin A-1, the major avenacin produced by oats, is strongly UV fluorescent and accumulates in root epidermal cells. We previously defined nine loci required for avenacin synthesis, eight of which are clustered. Mutants affected at seven of these (including Saponin-deficient1 [Sad1], the gene for the first committed enzyme in the pathway) have normal root morphology but reduced root fluorescence. In this study, we focus on mutations at the other two loci, Sad3 (also within the gene cluster) and Sad4 (unlinked), which result in stunted root growth, membrane trafficking defects in the root epidermis, and root hair deficiency. While sad3 and sad4 mutants both accumulate the same intermediate, monodeglucosyl avenacin A-1, the effect on avenacin A-1 glucosylation in sad4 mutants is only partial. sad1/sad1 sad3/sad3 and sad1/sad1 sad4/sad4 double mutants have normal root morphology, implying that the accumulation of incompletely glucosylated avenacin A-1 disrupts membrane trafficking and causes degeneration of the epidermis, with consequential effects on root hair formation. V...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 8, 2009·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Anne E Osbourn, Ben Field
Jan 27, 2011·Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology·Ellen LambertDanny Geelen
Aug 31, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ben FieldAnne E Osbourn
Feb 5, 2013·Plant & Cell Physiology·Ery O FukushimaToshiya Muranaka
Apr 17, 2013·Plant & Cell Physiology·Jordan A RamilowskiCarsten O Daub
May 9, 2009·Science·Pawel Bednarek, Anne Osbourn
Jan 30, 2010·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Rocío González-LamotheKamal Bouarab
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Jun 10, 2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ariane C KemenAnne Osbourn
Feb 7, 2014·Annual Review of Plant Biology·Ramesha ThimmappaAnne Osbourn
May 18, 2011·Natural Product Reports·Anne OsbournRobert A Field
Oct 7, 2014·Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Tessa MosesAnne Osbourn
Sep 12, 2015·Plant Signaling & Behavior·Syed SaemaPratibha Misra
Nov 25, 2014·The New Phytologist·Hans-Wilhelm Nützmann, Anne Osbourn
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Dec 7, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Anastasia OrmeAnne Osbourn
Jan 11, 2020·Frontiers in Plant Science·Pablo D CárdenasSøren Bak
May 1, 2018·The New Phytologist·Kenneth M Olsen, Linda L Small

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