Safety and Accuracy of Anatomic and Lateral Fluoroscopic-Guided Placement of C2 Pars/Pedicle Screws and C1 Lateral Mass Screws, and Freehand Placement of C2 Laminar Screws

World Neurosurgery
Narayanam Anantha Sai KiranAlangar S Hegde

Abstract

To evaluate the safety and accuracy of anatomic- and lateral fluoroscopic-guided placement of C2 pars/pedicle, C1 lateral mass screws, and freehand placement of C2 laminar screws. All the patients who underwent posterior cervical/occipitocervical fixation that involved the placement of C1/C2 screws during a 5-year period (2011-2015) at our institute were included in this study. C1/C2 screws were placed in a total of 94 patients during this period. A total of 97 C1 lateral mass, 49 C2 pars, 24 C2 pedicle, and 82 C2 laminar screws were placed in these patients. C1 lateral mass screws and C2 pars/pedicle screws were placed under anatomic and lateral fluoroscopic guidance. C2 laminar screws were placed by a freehand technique. The mean length (range) of various C2 screws was 16.4 ± 2.6 mm (12-22 mm) for pars screws, 18.8 ± 2.7 mm (14-24 mm) for pedicle screws, and 25.6 ± 3.4 mm (18-32 mm) for laminar screws. Postoperative CT imaging done in all patients before discharge revealed malposition of 2 laminar screws with breach of the inner cortex. The position of the remaining C1/C2 screws was perfect. The superior and medial angulation of the pars screws and superior angulation of the pedicle screws as measured in postoperative CT imag...Continue Reading

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