PMID: 9160541Jan 1, 1994Paper

Safety signals and human anxiety: a fear-potentiated startle study

Anxiety
C GrillonM Davis

Abstract

The effect of a safety signal on the magnitude of anticipatory anxiety was investigated using the fear-potentiated startle reflex paradigm in humans. The amplitude of the acoustic startle reflex was measured during the anticipation of unpleasant electric shocks ("threat") and during "safe" conditions. Threat and safe conditions were signaled by three different colored lights. Two lights signaled safe conditions (safe 1, safe 2) and the other light signaled the threat condition (threat). In phase I, the lights alternated, each presentation consisting of one colored light. In phase II, the lights were presented alone or in the two combinations of safe 1 (or safe 2) + threat and safe 1 + safe 2. In both phases, the contingency between the lights and the shock was explained to the subjects. It was emphasized that no shock could be administered when the safe 1 and threat light were simultaneously presented in phase II. Subjects' belief and understanding of the instructions were verified. In Phase I, startle was increased in the threat-alone compared to the safe-alone condition, reflecting increased anticipatory anxiety in the threat-alone condition. In phase II, startle in the safe + threat condition was smaller than in the threat-a...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 7, 1999·International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·C GrillonC Nelson
Aug 22, 2013·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Eryan KongDaniela D Pollak
Nov 1, 1996·Psychophysiology·A O Hamm, D Vaitl
Apr 1, 1994·Biological Psychiatry·C GrillonM Davis
Mar 19, 2004·Developmental Psychobiology·Christopher S MonkDaniel S Pine
Jul 30, 2014·The Journal of Pain : Official Journal of the American Pain Society·Ann MeuldersG Lorimer Moseley
May 22, 2010·European Journal of Psychological Assessment : Official Organ of the European Association of Psychological Assessment·Raul RiveroStefan G Hofmann
Jul 13, 2005·Psychophysiology·Eugenia HourdakiPanos Bitsios
Feb 4, 2010·Annals of Medicine·Daniela D PollakJoy Hirsch
Oct 20, 2018·Scientific Reports·Shuxia YaoDean Mobbs
Sep 3, 2003·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum·M S Marcin, C B Nemeroff

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