PMID: 9525433Apr 3, 1998Paper

Safety study of nonoxynol-9 as a vaginal microbicide: evidence of adverse effects

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology : Official Publication of the International Retrovirology Association
M K StaffordV S Kitchen

Abstract

Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) is virucidal in vitro, and is therefore a candidate microbicide for preventing sexual transmission of HIV. However, the activity of N-9 is nonspecific, suggesting that virucidal levels may produce adverse effects including epithelial disruption, inflammation of the genital mucosa, or both. A randomized placebo controlled trial of daily use of 100 mg of N-9 took place for 1 week in 40 female volunteers. Outcome measures included symptoms, colposcopic and histologic changes in the genital tract, and impact on vaginal flora. Genital irritation was reported by 10 of the N-9 and 5 of the placebo group. Colposcopy showed erythema in 9 of the N-9 group and 2 of the placebo group. Histologic inflammation was found in 7 of the N-9 group and 2 of the placebo group. Inflammatory changes were characterized by patchy infiltration of the lamina propria predominantly with CD8+ lymphocytes and macrophages, in the absence of epithelial disruption. A transient reduction in numbers of lactobacilli was observed in 9 of the 15 women using N-9, and 6 of 18 women using placebo. N-9 used for 7 days in a standard spermicidal dose was associated with increased irritation, colposcopic and histologic evidence of inflammation and was more...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 22, 2002·Contraception·S A BallaghD F Archer
Oct 24, 2003·Contraception·Molina B DayalKurt T Barnhart
Aug 5, 2003·Antiviral Research·Andrei N VzorovDabney W Dixon
Oct 17, 2002·Nuclear Medicine and Biology·Philip T FowlerGeorge A Digenis
Sep 4, 2001·Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Reviews·C G KellyG Pozzi
Feb 15, 2001·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·K H MayerZ Rosenberg
Jul 28, 2013·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Christine K MauckGustavo F Doncel
May 2, 2003·Biology of Reproduction·Caroline HaineaultMichel G Bergeron
Apr 20, 2002·Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases·Sheena McCormack
Jun 16, 2001·AIDS·C MauckUNKNOWN International Working Group on Microbicides
May 10, 2001·Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology·A P Korn
Oct 9, 2002·Sexually Transmitted Diseases·Dorothy L PattonSharon L Hillier
Feb 15, 2001·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·J van De WijgertK Nelson
Jan 19, 2006·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Susan Ballagh
Jan 19, 2006·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Naomi Low-Beer
Jan 6, 2006·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Courtney A SchreiberSharon L Hillier
Sep 19, 2006·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Peter H KilmarxTimothy D Mastro
Dec 17, 2009·AIDS·Deborah J AndersonKenneth H Mayer
Jul 26, 2008·Science·Robert M GrantMark A Wainberg
Jul 14, 2001·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·J Bestman-SmithM G Bergeron

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