Salad and satiety: energy density and portion size of a first-course salad affect energy intake at lunch

Journal of the American Dietetic Association
Barbara J RollsJennifer S Meengs

Abstract

We tested the effect on meal intake of varying the energy density and portion size of a compulsory first-course salad. The study used a randomized crossover design. Forty-two women from the State College, PA, university community ate lunch in the laboratory once per week for 7 weeks. Lunch comprised one of six first-course salads, or no salad in the control condition, followed by a main course of pasta. Subjects were required to consume the entire salad, but ate as much pasta as they wanted. The salads varied in energy density (0.33, 0.67, or 1.33 kcal/g) and portion size (150 or 300 g). The energy density of the salad was reduced by changing the amount and type of dressing and cheese. Energy intake and ratings of hunger, satiety, and food characteristics were measured. Outcomes were analyzed using a linear mixed model with repeated measures. Compared with having no first course, consuming the low-energy-dense salads reduced meal energy intake (by 7% for the small portion and 12% for the large), and consuming the high-energy-dense salads increased intake (by 8% for the small portion and 17% for the large). When two salads with the same number of calories were compared, meal intake was decreased when the large portion of the low...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Dec 4, 2009·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Barbara J Rolls
Aug 6, 2008·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·J S Vander WalN V Dhurandhar
Nov 21, 2012·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·J A HouchinsR D Mattes
Feb 4, 2011·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Alexandria D BlattBarbara J Rolls
Feb 12, 2010·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Barbara J RollsJennifer S Meengs
Mar 12, 2010·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Maureen K SpillBarbara J Rolls
Jun 3, 2014·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·L Kirsty PourshahidiM Barbara E Livingstone
Jul 19, 2014·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·B J Rolls
Jul 3, 2013·Nutrition Reviews·Eva Almiron-RoigAdam Drewnowski
Dec 20, 2012·International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition·Leila AzadbakhtAhmad Esmaillzadeh
Oct 17, 2015·International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition·Cristiana BertiMarisa Porrini
May 16, 2014·Canadian Journal of Diabetes·Sean WhartonDavid C W Lau
Jul 24, 2012·Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics·Jennifer S MeengsBarbara J Rolls
Apr 7, 2012·Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics·Rafael Pérez-EscamillaChristine L Williams
Feb 15, 2011·Appetite·Hendrik Jan SmitC Jeya K Henry
Mar 24, 2009·Physiology & Behavior·Barbara J Rolls
Dec 27, 2008·Appetite·Julie E Flood-Obbagy, Barbara J Rolls
Jun 13, 2008·Appetite·Jeffrey M BrunstromNicholas E Scott-Samuel
Apr 29, 2008·Appetite·Maria Conceição de OliveiraRenzo Venturim Mozzer
Jan 2, 2007·Appetite·Jeffrey M Brunstrom
Nov 23, 2006·Contemporary Clinical Trials·Lewis H KullerMolly B Conroy
Nov 9, 2005·Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing·Roberta K Oka, Mark G Sanders
Jun 25, 2005·Obesity Research·Barbara J RollsPenny M Kris-Etherton
Oct 9, 2015·Eating Behaviors·Kate J Bates, Carmen Byker Shanks
Oct 28, 2009·Journal of the American Dietetic Association·Martine M PerrigueAdam Drewnowski

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