Salivary enzymes are injected into xylem by the glassy-winged sharpshooter, a vector of Xylella fastidiosa

Journal of Insect Physiology
Elaine A BackusHasan Alhaddad

Abstract

A few phytophagous hemipteran species such as the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis, (Germar), subsist entirely on xylem fluid. Although poorly understood, aspects of the insect's salivary physiology may facilitate both xylem-feeding and transmission of plant pathogens. Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium that causes Pierce's disease of grape and other scorch diseases in many important crops. X. fastidiosa colonizes the anterior foregut (precibarium and cibarium) of H. vitripennis and other xylem-feeding vectors. Bacteria form a dense biofilm anchored in part by an exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix that is reported to have a β-1,4-glucan backbone. Recently published evidence supports the following, salivation-egestion hypothesis for the inoculation of X. fastidiosa during vector feeding. The insect secretes saliva into the plant and then rapidly takes up a mixture of saliva and plant constituents. During turbulent fluid movements in the precibarium, the bacteria may become mechanically and enzymatically dislodged; the mixture is then egested back out through the stylets into plant cells, possibly including xylem vessels. The present study found that proteins extracted from dissected H. vitripennis sal...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Apr 17, 2014·PloS One·Candice A Stafford-BanksDiane E Ullman
Nov 28, 2013·Bulletin of Entomological Research·A SharmaM J Fletcher
Oct 16, 2016·Bacteriophage·Tushar Suvra BhowmickCarlos F Gonzalez
Oct 6, 2016·Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP·Wim JonckheereThomas Van Leeuwen
Jul 13, 2016·Journal of Economic Entomology·Issam Eddine Ben MoussaAnna Maria D'Onghia
Jan 10, 2017·Annals of Botany·Ronaldo J D DalioMarcos A Machado

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