Salivary Exosomes as Nanocarriers for Cancer Biomarker Delivery

Materials
Jordan ChengDavid T W Wong

Abstract

Human saliva is an ideal body fluid for developing non-invasive diagnostics. Saliva contains naturally-occurring nanoparticles with unique structural and biochemical characteristics. The salivary exosome, a nanoscale extracellular vesicle, has been identified as a highly informative nanovesicle with clinically-relevant information. Salivary exosomes have brought forth a pathway and mechanism by which cancer-derived biomarkers can be shuttled through the systemic circulation into the oral cavity. Despite such clinical potential, routine and reliable analyses of exosomes remain challenging due to their small sizes. Characterization of individual exosome nanostructures provides critical data for understanding their pathophysiological condition and diagnostic potential. In this review, we summarize a current array of discovered salivary biomarkers and nanostructural properties of salivary exosomes associated with specific cancers. In addition, we describe a novel electrochemical sensing technology, EFIRM (electric field-induced release and measurement), that advances saliva liquid biopsy, covering the current landscape of point-of-care saliva testing.

References

Jan 1, 1979·Archives of Oral Biology·D B Ferguson, C A Botchway
Mar 1, 1990·Physiology & Behavior·D A Mackie, R M Pangborn
Feb 24, 2001·The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry·S P Humphrey, R T Williamson
Jul 19, 2001·Journal of the National Cancer Institute·M S PepeY Yasui
Feb 22, 2002·Gynecologic Oncology·Douglas D TaylorCiçek Gerçel-Taylor
Feb 26, 2004·Journal of Dental Research·Y LiD T W Wong
Dec 30, 2004·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Yang LiDavid T Wong
Mar 31, 2006·The Journal of the American Dental Association·Craig S MillerMark V Thomas
Apr 8, 2006·Clinical Chemistry·Noh Jin ParkDavid T Wong
Sep 21, 2006·Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·Tove Rylander-RudqvistAlicja Wolk
Oct 21, 2006·Archives of Oral Biology·Noh Jin ParkDavid T Wong
Mar 22, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Amy E HerrAnup K Singh
Apr 17, 2007·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·David R WaltJerome S Brody
Apr 17, 2007·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Nicolaos ChristodoulidesJohn T McDevitt
Jun 27, 2007·The Analyst·Katherine J Odenthal, J Justin Gooding
Jul 27, 2007·Journal of Dental Research·E J Helmerhorst, F G Oppenheim
Aug 19, 2007·Archives of Oral Biology·Raymond G SchipperMonique H Vingerhoeds
Oct 13, 2007·Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·Thomas V O HansenYrsa Andersen Hundrup
Dec 13, 2007·Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology·Rebecca C TaylorSeamus J Martin
Jan 19, 2008·Nature Reviews. Cancer·Kevin Brindle
Jan 30, 2008·Current Protocols in Cell Biology·Clotilde ThéryAled Clayton
Apr 4, 2008·Nature·Ralph Weissleder, Mikael J Pittet
Apr 18, 2008·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Fiona CookeNatalie Walker
Jun 4, 2008·Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·Yuko OgawaRyohei Yanoshita
Sep 2, 2008·Clinical Chemistry·Michael Gröschl
Oct 3, 2008·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Shen HuDavid T Wong
Feb 21, 2009·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Zheng-Zhi WuXiao-Li Zhang
May 16, 2009·Current Opinion in Cell Biology·Mikael Simons, Graça Raposo
Jul 25, 2009·Oral Diseases·A MichaelI Alevizos
Nov 7, 2009·Nature Nanotechnology·Leyla SoleymaniShana O Kelley
Nov 10, 2009·Proteomics. Clinical Applications·Weihong YanDavid T Wong
Jan 7, 2010·PloS One·Viswanathan PalanisamyDavid T Wong
Apr 10, 2010·Clinical Oral Investigations·Balwant RaiSuresh Chander Anand
Jun 8, 2010·BMC Bioinformatics·Jiye AiDavid T Wong
Aug 19, 2010·Methods in Molecular Biology·Bradley Stephen Henson, David T Wong
Sep 24, 2010·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology·John Condeelis, Ralph Weissleder
Nov 26, 2010·Nature Reviews. Endocrinology·Hershel Raff, James W Findling
Jan 18, 2011·Journal of Translational Medicine·Cecilia LässerHadi Valadi
May 17, 2011·Omics : a Journal of Integrative Biology·Sandra K Al-TarawnehSompop Bencharit

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 30, 2019·Cancers·Giulia ChiabottoGiovanni Camussi
May 22, 2019·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Ming YanC Yan Cheng
Sep 10, 2019·Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry·Samuel Rodríguez ZorrillaMario Pérez Sayans
Jan 29, 2020·RNA Biology·Magdalena GruntHeidi Schwarzenbach
Jul 18, 2020·Molecular Biology Reports·Behzad Cheshmi, Hamid Cheshomi
Apr 1, 2020·Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics·Marília Afonso Rabelo BuzalafFernanda Navas Reis
Jan 29, 2021·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Rui VitorinoVisith Thongboonkerd
Nov 20, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Zuzana PösTomas Szemes
Sep 19, 2020·Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy·Manica NegahdaripourNavid Nezafat
Nov 14, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Hyunku ShinYeonho Choi
Jun 3, 2021·Cancers·Masanori OshiKazuaki Takabe
Jun 18, 2021·Nano-micro Letters·Shruti Rawal, Mayur Patel
Aug 6, 2021·Journal of Separation Science·Mozhgan BoroumandMassimo Castagnola
Nov 26, 2021·ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering·Luciana d'AmoneFiorenzo G Omenetto

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsy
imaging techniques
chips
atomic
scanning electron microscopy
AFM
PCR
biosensing
genotyping
flow cytometry

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.