Salt sensitivity and its implication in clinical practice

Indian Heart Journal
Sundeep MishraRishi Jain

Abstract

Hypertension (HTN) is a complex multi-factorial disease and is considered one of the foremost modifiable risk factors for stroke, heart failure, ischemic heart disease and renal dysfunction. Over the past century, salt and its linkage to HTN and cardiovascular (CV) mortality has been the subject of intense scientific scrutiny. There is now consensus that different individuals have different susceptibilities to blood pressure (BP)-raising effects of salt and this susceptiveness is called as salt sensitivity. Several renal and extra-renal mechanisms are believed to play a role. Blunted activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), adrenal Rac1-MR-Sgk1-NCC/ENaC pathway, renal SNS-GR-WNK4-NCC pathway, defect of membrane ion transportation, inflammation and abnormalities of Na+/Ca2+ exchange have all been implicated as pathophysiological basis for salt sensitive HTN. While salt restriction is definitely beneficial recent observation suggests that treatment with Azilsartan may improve salt sensitivity by selectively reducing renal proximal tubule Na+/H+ exchange. This encourages the future potential benefits of recognizing and therapeutically addressing the salt sensitive phenotype in humans.

Citations

May 29, 2020·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Iuliia PolinaDaria V Ilatovskaya
Oct 5, 2020·European Heart Journal·Martin O'DonnellSalim Yusuf
Jun 7, 2021·Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD·Wenjuan PengLing Zhang
Aug 1, 2021·Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health·Jisook KoJing Wang

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
ubiquitination

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cardiovascular Diseases: Risk Factors

Cardiovascular disease is a significant health concern. Risk factors include hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and smoking. Women who are postmenopausal are at an increased risk of heart disease. Here is the latest research for risk factors of cardiovascular disease.