Santamarin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Saussurea lappa, represses LPS-induced inflammatory responses via expression of heme oxygenase-1 in murine macrophage cells

International Immunopharmacology
Hyun-Gyu ChoiYoun-Chul Kim

Abstract

Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke (Compositae) is indigenous to India and Pakistan. The dried root of S. lappa has been traditionally used for alleviating pain in abdominal distention and tenesmus, indigestion with anorexia, dysentery, nausea, and vomiting. Santamarin is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from S. lappa. In the present study, santamarin inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein, reduced iNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO), suppressed COX-2 protein and reduced COX-derived PGE(2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages. Similarly, santamarin reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. In addition, santamarin suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α as well as the nuclear translocation of p65 in response to LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, santamarin induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression mRNA and protein level that plays a cytoprotective role against inflammation. The induction of HO-1 is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level, and its induction by various agents is mediated by the nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), master regulator of antioxidant responses. Unbound Nr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 28, 2014·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Jing-Yuan ChuangDah-Yuu Lu
Apr 23, 2013·Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids·Xiao-Qing ChenYan-Rong Tang
Nov 13, 2013·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Hye-Sun LimHyeun-Kyoo Shin
May 18, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Angelika KamizelaMagdalena Chmiela
Feb 6, 2020·Chemical Biology & Drug Design·Sajid JalalLin Huang
Oct 30, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Natalia KłeczekAnna Stojakowska
Jun 3, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Jimena BorgoValeria P Sülsen
Jul 3, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Jung Hwan OhChang-Suk Kong
Sep 7, 2021·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Junmin ZhangKun Gao

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