Satellite cells and myonuclei in long-term denervated rat muscles

The Anatomical Record
A de C Rodrigues, H Schmalbruch

Abstract

The percentage of satellite cells rapidly decreases in aneurally regenerating soleus muscles of rat. Also denervation of intact muscles causes fiber loss and regeneration, but the fate of satellite cells is unknown; myonuclei have been suggested to undergo changes resembling those in apoptotic cells. Rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were denervated at birth or at age 5 weeks and investigated after periods of up to 38 weeks. At least 400 myonuclei in each muscle were assessed by electron microscopy, and satellite cell nuclei were counted. In situ nick translation and tailing were performed after 30 weeks denervation in order to demonstrate DNA breaks associated with apoptosis. Myotubes indicating regeneration were prominent in the adult denervated soleus and deep layers of EDL muscles after 7 weeks and in the superficial parts of EDL muscle after 16 weeks. The percentage of satellite cell nuclei slowly decreased to less than one fifth of normal after 20-30 weeks. Almost all satellite cells had vanished 10 weeks after neonatal denervation. Degenerating myonuclei in adult, but not in neonatally denervated muscles, remotely resembled apoptotic nuclei of lymphocytes, but no evidence of DNA breaks was found. Den...Continue Reading

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis