Satratoxin-G from the black mold Stachybotrys chartarum induces rhinitis and apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons in the nasal airways of rhesus monkeys

Toxicologic Pathology
Stephan A CareyJack R Harkema

Abstract

Satratoxin-G (SG) is a trichothecene mycotoxin of Stachybotrys chartarum, the black mold suggested to contribute etiologically to illnesses associated with water-damaged buildings. We have reported that intranasal exposure to SG evokes apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and acute inflammation in the nose and brain of laboratory mice. To further assess the potential human risk of nasal airway injury and neurotoxicity, we developed a model of SG exposure in monkeys, whose nasal airways more closely resemble those of humans. Adult, male rhesus macaques received a single intranasal instillation of 20 µg SG (high dose, n = 3), or 5 µg SG daily for four days (repeated low dose, n = 3) in one nasal passage, and saline vehicle in the contralateral nasal passage. Nasal tissues were examined using light and electron microscopy and morphometric analysis. SG induced acute rhinitis, atrophy of the olfactory epithelium (OE), and apoptosis of OSNs in both groups. High-dose and repeated low-dose SG elicited a 13% and 66% reduction in OSN volume density, and a 14-fold and 24-fold increase in apoptotic cells of the OE, respectively. This model provides new insight into the potential risk of nasal airway injury and neurotoxicity caused...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 26, 2011·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Cuihong JiaColleen C Hegg
Feb 13, 2014·Toxins·Frederick T Guilford, Janette Hope
Jan 21, 2015·Indoor Air·A NevalainenA Hyvärinen
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Nov 7, 2019·American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology·Joseph D BrainJamie H Rosenblum Lichtenstein

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transmission electron microscopy
light microscopy

Software Mentioned

SigmaStat
Stereology Toolbox
SPSS
Morphometrix
Scion Image

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