Scaling of sensorimotor delays in terrestrial mammals

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
Heather L More, J Maxwell Donelan

Abstract

Whether an animal is trying to escape from a predator, avoid a fall or perform a more mundane task, the effectiveness of its sensory feedback is constrained by sensorimotor delays. Here, we combine electrophysiological experiments, systematic reviews of the literature and biophysical models to determine how delays associated with the fastest locomotor reflex scale with size in terrestrial mammals. Nerve conduction delay is one contributor, and increases strongly with animal size. Sensing, synaptic and neuromuscular junction delays also contribute, and we approximate each as a constant value independent of animal size. Muscle's electromechanical and force generation delays increase more moderately with animal size than nerve conduction delay, but their total contribution exceeds that of the four neural delays. The sum of these six component delays, termed total delay, increases with animal size in proportion to M0.21-large mammals experience total delays 17 times longer than small mammals. The slower movement times of large animals mostly offset their long delays resulting in a more modest, but perhaps still significant, doubling of their total delay relative to movement duration when compared with their smaller counterparts. Ir...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 6, 2020·PloS One·Sayed Naseel Mohamed Thangal, J Maxwell Donelan
Dec 12, 2019·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Thomas LibbySimon Sponberg
Dec 27, 2019·Nature·Britton A SauerbreiAdam W Hantman
Sep 24, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Pierre CabarauxHirokazu Tanaka
Apr 25, 2020·Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience·Hirokazu TanakaShinji Kakei
Jan 28, 2021·Frontiers in Robotics and AI·An MoAlexander Badri-Spröwitz
Nov 25, 2020·Physical Biology·Jean-Pierre Rospars, Nicole Meyer-Vernet
Feb 5, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Deepak K RaviNick Stergiou
Jun 9, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Biology·John R Hutchinson
Jul 28, 2021·Frontiers in Robotics and AI·Milad Shafiee AshtianiAlexander Badri-Spröwitz
May 20, 2021·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Jean-Michel MongeauJessleen K Kanwal
Sep 23, 2020·Current Biology : CB·Sasha Reschechtko, J Andrew Pruszynski
Oct 23, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Biology·A H DewolfP A Willems

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