Scapular Kinematics by Sex Across Elevation Planes

Journal of Applied Biomechanics
Bryan R PiccoClark R Dickerson

Abstract

Scapular kinematics are important indicators of dyskinesis, often suggesting underlying shoulder pathology, but the influence of sex is unknown. This study's objective was to examine scapular kinematics in healthy males and females. Positions of surface-mounted reflective markers were tracked during arm elevation movements in 0°/30°/40°/60°/90°/120° planes. Scapulothoracic rotations (protraction/retraction, medial/lateral rotation, posterior/anterior tilt) were calculated. ANOVA analysis evaluated main and interaction effects of sex, plane, phase, and elevation angle. Males and females had similar protraction/retraction and medial/lateral rotation kinematics; mean sex-related peak angle differences were 2.5°, 1.8° (raise [concentric]), respectively, and 2.9°, 2.7° (lower [eccentric]), respectively. Largest sex differences for mean peak angle occurred for posterior/anterior tilt at higher elevation angles (raise, 8.4°; lower, 8.5°). Elevation, plane, and phase were main effects for all scapular rotations (P < .001). Sex was not a main effect for any rotations. Sex × elevation interactions influenced protraction/retraction (P < .001) and posterior/anterior tilt (P < .001). Sex × plane (P ≤ .01) and sex × phase (P ≤ .002) interact...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 22, 2019·Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology·Sujata KhandareMeghan E Vidt
Aug 8, 2020·Gait & Posture·Christopher W KolzHeath B Henninger
Apr 7, 2021·Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine·Toufic R JildehKelechi R Okoroha

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