Screening and human health risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in Dutch surface waters and drinking water

The Science of the Total Environment
Cindy M de JonghThomas L ter Laak

Abstract

Numerous studies describe the presence of pharmaceuticals in the water cycle, while their transformation products are usually not included. In the current study 17 common pharmaceuticals and 9 transformation products were monitored in the Dutch waters, including surface waters, pre-treated surface waters, river bank filtrates, two groundwater samples affected by surface water and drinking waters. In these samples, 12 pharmaceuticals and 7 transformation products were present. Concentrations were generally highest in surface waters, intermediate in treated surface waters and river bank filtrates and lowest or not detected in produced drinking water. However, the concentrations of phenazone and its environmental transformation product AMPH were significantly higher in river bank filtrates, which is likely due to historical contamination. Fairly constant ratios were observed between concentrations of transformation products and parent pharmaceuticals. This might enable prediction of concentrations of transformation products from concentrations of parent pharmaceuticals. The toxicological relevance of the observed pharmaceuticals and transformation products was assessed by deriving (i) a substance specific provisional guideline val...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 7, 2014·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Emmanuelle VullietCécile Cren-Olivé
Feb 22, 2014·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Haidong ZhouYong Zhan
Jun 29, 2014·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Thomas L ter LaakJan Hofman
Mar 19, 2013·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Yong Yu, Laosheng Wu
Jan 8, 2013·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Yong YuLaosheng Wu
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