Screening for active tuberculosis before isoniazid preventive therapy among HIV-infected West African adults

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Raoul MohChristine Danel

Abstract

TEMPRANO was a multicentre, open-label trial in which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults with high CD4 counts were randomised into early or deferred antiretroviral therapy (ART) arms with or without 6-month isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in a setting where the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends IPT in HIV-infected patients. Despite the WHO recommendation, IPT coverage remains low due to fear of the presence of undiagnosed active TB before prescribing IPT, and the related risk of drug resistance. To report the frequency of undiagnosed TB in patients enrolled for IPT and describe the results of a 1-month buffer period to avoid prescribing IPT for active TB cases. Patients were screened using a clinical algorithm and chest X-ray at Day 0 and started on isoniazid at Month 1 if no sign/symptom suggestive of TB appeared between Day 0 and Month 1. Of 1030 patients randomised into IPT arms. 10% never started IPT at Month 1. Of these, 23 had active TB, including 16 with prevalent TB. Among the 927 patients who started IPT, 6 had active TB, including 1 with prevalent TB. Only 1 patient with active TB received IPT due to the 1-month buffer period between Day 0 and IPT initiation. In this study, 1.6% of adults c...Continue Reading

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