Search for the competitive edge: a history of dietary fads and supplements

The Journal of Nutrition
E Applegate, L E Grivetti

Abstract

The premise and promise of ergogenic aid use is rooted in antiquity and is based upon superstition and ritualistic behavior of athletes who perceive that past performances were predicated upon unique dietary constituents or dietary manipulation. Accounts from ancient times recommended that athletes and soldiers preparing for battle consume specific animal parts to confer agility, speed or strength associated with that animal. Scientific understanding of the chemical and physiological nature of muscular work in the early 20th century was followed by ergogenic aid use by athletes and rationalized as "scientific" justification. Ergogenic aids such as alkaline salts, caffeine, carbohydrate and protein have been used by athletes with variable success. As nutritionists and exercise physiologists discovered and perfected the scientific understanding of metabolic reactions, athletes in turn experimented with the amount, form and timing of administration in the search for optimal performance. Anabolic steroids and blood doping enhance athletic performance, but health risks, ethics and sportsmanship contravene their use. Popularity and use of ergogenic aids often have preceded scientific substantiation of claims. Current products such as...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Mar 21, 2001·Nutrition Reviews·L Grivetti
Dec 24, 2005·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Faidon Magkos, Stavros A Kavouras
Dec 26, 2001·Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine·T A McGuineD T Bernhardt
Jul 28, 2017·Nutrition & Dietetics : the Journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia·Gavin Whitehouse, Tanya Lawlis
Oct 6, 2000·Postgraduate Medicine·M L Rubinstein, D G Federman
Jan 1, 2011·Journal of Athletic Training·Doug LongKaye Stanek-Krogstrand
Feb 5, 2011·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Ajmol AliJohann A Edge
Oct 9, 2014·Nutrition Reviews·Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez, Jesús G Pallarés
Jun 27, 2000·The Journal of Nutrition·K S Almurshed, K K Grunewald
Apr 29, 2014·Substance Use & Misuse·Odilon Salim Costa AbrahinAzenildo Moura Santos
Jul 21, 2017·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Sven EichhornHans-Georg Palm
Dec 17, 2020·Frontiers in Public Health·Aida BudreviciuteRimantas Kodzius
Mar 21, 2002·Journal of the American Dietetic Association·Paula ZieglerChor San Khoo
Mar 28, 2001·Journal of the American Dietetic Association·P ZieglerA Drewnowski
Dec 17, 2009·Nutrition·Janaina Lavalli Goston, Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia

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