Seasonal variability and vertical distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Central Red Sea

PeerJ
Najwa Al-OtaibiXosé Anxelu G Morán

Abstract

The Red Sea is characterized by higher temperatures and salinities than other oligotrophic tropical regions. Here, we investigated the vertical and seasonal variations in the abundance and biomass of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton. Using flow cytometry, we consistently observed five groups of autotrophs (Prochlorococcus, two populations of Synechococcus separated by their relative phycoerythrin fluorescence, low (LF-Syn) and high (HF-Syn), and two differently-sized groups of picoeukaryotes, small (Speuk) and large (Lpeuk)) and two groups of heterotrophic prokaryotes of low and high nucleic acid content (LNA and HNA, respectively). Samples were collected in 15 surveys conducted from 2015 to 2017 at a 700-m depth station in the central Red Sea. Surface temperature ranged from 24.6 to 32.6 °C with a constant value of 21.7 °C below 200 m. Integrated (0-100 m) chlorophyll a concentrations were low, with maximum values in fall (24.0 ± 2.7 mg m-2) and minima in spring and summer (16.1 ± 1.9 and 1.1 mg m-2, respectively). Picoplankton abundance was generally lower than in other tropical environments. Vertical distributions differed for each group, with Synechococcus and LNA prokaryotes more abundant at the surface while Pro...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

PERMANOVA
PERMANOVAs
R
OriginPro

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