Secondary causes of hypertension

Primary Care
Sandra J Taler

Abstract

Secondary hypertension is the presence of a specific condition known to cause hypertension, which may be the primary cause or a contributing factor in a patient who already has primary hypertension. Although uncommon, it may cause major morbidity for a subset of patients. This article provides an overview of the range of secondary causes, including key clinical features and appropriate diagnostic and treatment options. Selection of patients for testing should incorporate historical and clinical clues, previous treatment course, and comorbidities. Decisions regarding the extent of secondary evaluation require consideration of the likelihood of diagnosis, the patient's overall health status and prognosis, and balancing the risks of intervention against the risks of missing a diagnosis. Referral is advised when these risks seem prohibitive or if there are questions regarding the selection of the most optimal studies or the extent of intervention to pursue when blood pressure remains uncontrolled.

References

Sep 1, 1991·Archives of Internal Medicine·M Yakovlevitch, H R Black
Nov 1, 1988·Mayo Clinic Proceedings·P K ZachariahC A Carlson
Oct 1, 1995·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·V K SomersF M Abboud
May 11, 2000·The New England Journal of Medicine·P E PeppardJ Skatrud
Jul 20, 2000·The New England Journal of Medicine·M TepelW Zidek
Feb 15, 2001·The New England Journal of Medicine·R D Safian, S C Textor
Sep 19, 2001·Mayo Clinic Proceedings·V M MontoriS T Turner
Mar 21, 2002·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Jacques W M LendersGraeme Eisenhofer
May 23, 2002·Hypertension·Sandra J TalerJo Ellen Augustine
Dec 7, 2002·Hypertension·David A CalhounPaula Weissmann
Jun 6, 2003·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Akiyo TanabeKazue Takano
Jul 16, 2003·Annals of Internal Medicine·Andrew S LeveyUNKNOWN National Kidney Foundation
Jan 21, 2004·Hypertension·Theodore L Goodfriend, David A Calhoun
May 18, 2007·Kidney International·T Grobner, F C Prischl
Nov 15, 2007·Current Cardiology Reports·Stephen C Textor
Dec 15, 2007·Chest·Sandro Cadaval GonçalvesFlávio Danni Fuchs

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 17, 2010·The Nurse Practitioner·Caroline L Doherty
Feb 4, 2015·The Journal of Clinical Hypertension·Stephanie M MellerJohn K Forrest
Apr 21, 2017·Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey·Kathryn J Sharma, Sarah J Kilpatrick
Apr 26, 2013·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Vanda PintoPatrício Soares-da-Silva
Jun 15, 2018·Journal of Human Hypertension·Prateek Sharma, Robert D Brook
Nov 17, 2020·Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy·Addisu Dabi Wake

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cardiovascular Diseases: Risk Factors

Cardiovascular disease is a significant health concern. Risk factors include hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and smoking. Women who are postmenopausal are at an increased risk of heart disease. Here is the latest research for risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular Disease Pathophysiology

Cardiovascular disease involves several different processes that contribute to the pathological mechanism, including hyperglycemia, inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension and more. Vasculature stability plays a critical role in the development of the disease. Discover the latest research on cardiovascular disease pathophysiology here.

Antihypertensive Agents: Mechanisms of Action

Antihypertensive drugs are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) which aims to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Discover the latest research on antihypertensive drugs and their mechanism of action here.