Secondary hypertension: evaluation and treatment

Disease-a-month : DM
B E AkpunonuE A Hoffman

Abstract

Most patients with hypertension in the United States have essential (primary) hypertension (95%), the cause of which is unknown. The remaining 5% of adults with hypertension have the secondary form of hypertension, the cause and pathophysiologic process of which are known. Internists and other primary care physicians refer to this as treatable or curable hypertension, because the hypertension can be managed or even controlled with medications. Similarly, the condition is called surgical hypertension by surgeons in the belief that once the cause is determined and identified, surgical intervention will result in cure of hypertension. Secondary causes of hypertension include renal parenchymal disease, renovascular diseases, coarctation of the aorta, Cushing's syndrome, primary hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism, and hyperparathyroidism. Occasionally included in this category are alcohol- and oral contraceptive-induced hypertension and hypothyroidism, but these conditions are not discussed herein. The evaluation of secondary hypertension is of interest and can bring together different facets of anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and radiology in the medical and surgical treatment of these disorders. Despite enthu...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 27, 1999·The Journal of Trauma·M R MatthewsM V Canulla
May 26, 2004·Clinics in Laboratory Medicine·Ravinder J Singh
Jan 3, 2018·Acta Cardiologica·Camelia Cristina DiaconuMihaela Adela Iancu
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Mar 10, 2018·Korean Journal of Radiology : Official Journal of the Korean Radiological Society·Hyungwoo AhnKyung Won Lee
Sep 8, 2001·The Medical Journal of Australia·S C ParkerC J O'Callaghan

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