Secondary leaves of an outbreak-adapted tree species are both more resource acquisitive and herbivore resistant than primary leaves

Tree Physiology
Tomás FuenzalidaFrida I Piper

Abstract

The magnitude and frequency of insect outbreaks are predicted to increase in forests, but how trees cope with severe outbreak defoliation is not yet fully understood. Winter deciduous trees often produce a secondary leaf flush in response to defoliation (i.e., compensatory leaf regrowth or refoliation), which promotes fast replenishment of carbon (C) storage and eventually tree survival. However, secondary leaf flushes may imply a high susceptibility to insect herbivory, especially in the event of an ongoing outbreak. We hypothesized that in winter deciduous species adapted to outbreak-driven defoliations, secondary leaves are both more C acquisitive and herbivore resistant than primary leaves. During an outbreak by Ormiscodes amphimone affecting Nothofagus pumilio forests, we 1) quantified the defoliation and subsequent refoliation by analyzing the seasonal dynamics of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and 2) compared the physiological traits and herbivore resistance of primary and secondary leaves. Comparisons of the NDVI of the primary and second leaf flushes relative to the NDVI of the defoliated forest indicated 31% of refoliation, which is close to the leaf regrowth reported by a previous study in juvenile...Continue Reading

References

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May 28, 2019·American Journal of Botany·Frida I PiperAlex Fajardo

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