Secondary stressors are associated with probable psychological morbidity after flooding: a cross-sectional analysis

European Journal of Public Health
Elizabeth L TempestG James Rubin

Abstract

The impact of flooding on mental health is exacerbated due to secondary stressors, although the mechanism of action is not understood. We investigated the role of secondary stressors on psychological outcomes through analysis of data collected one-year after flooding, and effect modification by sex. We analysed data from the English National Study on Flooding and Health collected from households flooded, disrupted and unexposed to flooding during 2013-14. Psychological outcomes were probable depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Parsimonious multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to determine the effect of secondary stressors on the psychological outcomes. Sex was tested as an effect modifier using subgroup analyses. A total of 2006 people participated (55.5% women, mean age 60 years old). Participants reporting concerns about their personal health and that of their family (concerns about health) had greater odds of probable depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.77, 95% CI 1.17-2.65) and PTSD (aOR 2.58, 95% CI 1.82-3.66). Loss of items of sentimental value was associated with probable anxiety (aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.26-2.62). For women, the strongest associations were between concerns about ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 8, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Hilary GrahamSally McManus
Apr 17, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Ranya MulchandaniIsabel Oliver
Jun 21, 2020·Nature Reviews. Nephrology·Neil Greenberg
May 11, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Genevieve BellevilleCharles M Morin
Dec 18, 2020·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Judy MurrayPatricia V Turner
Nov 25, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Joana CruzPeter A Coventry
Jun 1, 2020·The Lancet. Psychiatry·Neil GreenbergDerek K Tracy
Aug 4, 2021·The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery·Mohamed AbdelghaniEman Fouad

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