PMID: 9539738May 16, 1998Paper

Segregation of viral plasmids depends on tethering to chromosomes and is regulated by phosphorylation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
C W Lehman, Michael R Botchan

Abstract

Eukaryotic viruses can maintain latency in dividing cells as extrachromosomal nuclear plasmids. Segregation and nuclear retention of DNA is, therefore, a key issue in retaining copy number. The E2 enhancer protein of the papillomaviruses is required for viral DNA replication and transcription. Viral mutants that prevent phosphorylation of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV) E2 protein are transformation-defective, despite normal viral gene expression and replication function. Cell colonies harboring such mutants show sectoring of viral DNA and are unable to maintain the episome. We find that transforming viral DNA attaches to mitotic chromosomes, in contrast to the mutant genome encoding the E2 phosphorylation mutant. Second-site suppressor mutations were uncovered in both E1 and E2 genes that allow for transformation, maintenance, and chromosomal attachment. E2 protein was also found to colocalize to mitotic chromosomes, whereas the mutant did not, suggesting a direct role for E2 in viral attachment to chromosomes. Such viral hitch-hiking onto cellular chromosomes is likely to provide a general mechanism for maintaining nuclear plasmids.

References

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Citations

Mar 14, 2000·Reviews in Medical Virology·E R Leight, B Sugden
Oct 1, 2003·Journal of Biosciences·Soundarapandian VelmuruganMakkuni Jayaram
Dec 9, 2003·Virus Research·Kong-Nan ZhaoIan H Frazer
Nov 20, 1998·Current Opinion in Biotechnology·C R Sclimenti, M P Calos
Sep 6, 2000·European Journal of Biochemistry·K Van CraenenbroeckG Haegeman
Aug 22, 2006·Genes & Development·Shwu-Yuan WuCheng-Ming Chiang
Jul 13, 2007·Journal of Virology·Michal-Ruth SchweigerPeter M Howley
Oct 17, 2008·Journal of Virology·Ammy LinLori Frappier
Oct 23, 2009·Journal of Virology·Vandana SekharAlison A McBride
Oct 22, 2002·Journal of Virology·Marie-Helene MalclesCatherine Bonne-Andrea
Mar 9, 2002·Journal of Virology·Peter C AngelettiPaul F Lambert
Jul 5, 2005·Journal of Virology·Maria G McPhillipsAlison A McBride
Jul 30, 2005·Journal of Virology·Reet KurgMart Ustav

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