Selected science: an industry campaign to undermine an OSHA hexavalent chromium standard

Environmental Health : a Global Access Science Source
David MichaelsPeter Lurie

Abstract

While exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has been associated with increased lung cancer risk for more than 50 years, the chemical is not currently regulated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) on the basis of its carcinogenicity. The agency was petitioned in 1993 and sued in 1997 and 2002 to lower the workplace Cr(VI) exposure limit, resulting in a court order to issue a final standard by February 2006. Faced with the threat of stronger regulation, the chromium industry initiated an effort to challenge the scientific evidence supporting a more protective standard. This effort included the use of "product defense" consultants to conduct post hoc analyses of a publicly-funded study to challenge results viewed unfavorably by the industry. The industry also commissioned a study of the mortality experience of workers at four low-exposure chromium plants, but did not make the results available to OSHA in a timely manner, despite multiple agency requests for precisely these sorts of data. The commissioned study found a statistically significant elevation in lung cancer risk among Cr(VI)-exposed workers at levels far below the current standard. This finding changed when the multi-plant cohort was divi...Continue Reading

References

Jul 19, 1995·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·S A GlantzJ Slade
Jul 19, 1995·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·P HanauerS A Glantz
Jul 19, 1995·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·L BeroS A Glantz
May 1, 1994·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·H PastidesK A Mundt
Feb 1, 1997·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·T F Mancuso
May 26, 1999·Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP·D M ProctorR J Barnhart
Jul 14, 2000·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·H J GibbB C Rooney
Sep 18, 2001·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·F DavidoffM S Wilkes
Jun 28, 2002·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Marjory M Spraycar
Oct 17, 2002·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·Peter Lurie, Sidney M Wolfe
May 29, 2003·Occupational and Environmental Medicine·R S LuippoldD Proctor
Dec 4, 2003·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·Casey CrumpDeborah Proctor
Dec 20, 2003·Science·David Michaels, Wendy Wagner
Apr 13, 2005·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Rose S LuippoldThomas Birk
May 25, 2005·The New England Journal of Medicine·Catherine D De AngelisUNKNOWN International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
Jun 7, 2005·Scientific American·David Michaels
Jul 21, 2005·American Journal of Public Health·David Michaels, Celeste Monforton
Oct 12, 2005·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Altoon DweckSidney Wolfe
Apr 12, 2006·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Thomas BirkDiane J Mundt

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 21, 2007·Occupational and Environmental Medicine·David Kriebel
Jan 1, 2010·International Journal of Analytical Chemistry·Tae-Kee HongMyung-Zoon Czae
Dec 23, 2011·Environmental Health : a Global Access Science Source·Neil Pearce, Allan H Smith
Sep 14, 2006·International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health·Peter F Infante
Oct 13, 2006·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·David MichaelsCeleste Monforton
Sep 20, 2017·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·David Egilman

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

ENVIRON
JOEM
ChemRisk

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Federal Register
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Department of Labor
Journal of Occupational Medicine. : Official Publication of the Industrial Medical Association
C S Freeman
Journal of Occupational Medicine. : Official Publication of the Industrial Medical Association
B W Mintz
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved