Selection of reference genes for qRT-PCR examination of wild populations of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua.

BMC Research Notes
Pål A OlsvikKai K Lie

Abstract

Extensive sequencing efforts have been taking place for the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in recent years, the number of ESTs in the Genbank has reached more than 140.000. Despite its importance in North Atlantic fisheries and potential use in aquaculture, relatively few gene expression examination exists for this species, and systematic evaluations of reference gene stability in quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) studies are lacking. The stability of 10 potential reference genes was examined in six tissues of Atlantic cod obtained from four populations, to determine the most suitable genes to be used in qRT-PCR analyses. Relative transcription levels of genes encoding beta-actin (ACTB), elongation factor 1A (EF1A), actin-related protein-2 (ARP-2), glyceraldehyde-3P-dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ubiquitin (Ubi), acidic ribosomal protein (ARP), ribosomal protein S9 (S9), ribosomal protein L4 (RPL4), RPL22 and RPL37 were quantified in gills, brain, liver, head kidney, muscle and middle intestine in six juvenile fish from three wild populations and from farmed Atlantic cod. Reference gene stability was investigated using the geNorm and NormFinder tools. Based on calculations performed with the geNorm, which determines the most stable ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 4, 2013·Fish & Shellfish Immunology·Daniela C BroekmanValerie H Maier
Sep 5, 2009·BMC Genetics·Tudor BorzaSharen Bowman
Sep 4, 2012·BMC Genomics·Lene KleppeAnna Wargelius
Apr 27, 2010·BMC Molecular Biology·Kalle T RytkönenMikko Nikinmaa
May 7, 2009·BMC Research Notes·Pål A Olsvik, Elisabeth Holen
May 23, 2012·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·M CowanH Migaud
Dec 22, 2015·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology·Katharina MichaelMagnus Lucassen
Dec 27, 2011·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology·Sofia MoraisJ Gordon Bell
Dec 17, 2011·Fish & Shellfish Immunology·Sigridur S AudunsdottirBirkir Th Bragason
Nov 15, 2011·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·Kai Kristoffer Lie, Mari Moren
Dec 7, 2011·Aquatic Toxicology·Mikko Nikinmaa, Kalle T Rytkönen
Apr 20, 2011·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Shouqi WangHao Zhang
Mar 8, 2011·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·Kaja H SkjærvenKristin Hamre
Jul 14, 2010·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·Øystein SaeleKristin Hamre
Jan 14, 2010·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP·Liv SøftelandPål A Olsvik
Apr 22, 2009·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP·Kai K LiePål A Olsvik
Oct 30, 2008·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology·Øystein SaelePål A Olsvik
Oct 19, 2010·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Daniela C BroekmanValerie H Maier
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Feb 29, 2016·Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology·Katharina MichaelMagnus Lucassen
May 11, 2013·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Lene KleppeAnna Wargelius
Aug 4, 2016·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Bjørn Henrik HansenPål A Olsvik
Mar 19, 2015·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Xia WangXinquan Zhang

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
PCA

Software Mentioned

NormFinder
Bestkeeper
geNorm

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