Selection shapes turnover and magnitude of sex-biased expression in Drosophila gonads

BMC Evolutionary Biology
Carrie A Whittle, Cassandra G Extavour

Abstract

Sex-biased gene expression is thought to drive the phenotypic differences in males and females in metazoans. Drosophila has served as a primary model for studying male-female differences in gene expression, and its effects on protein sequence divergence. However, the forces shaping evolution of sex-biased expression remain largely unresolved, including the roles of selection and pleiotropy. Research on sex organs in Drosophila, employing original approaches and multiple-species contrasts, provides a means to gain insights into factors shaping the turnover and magnitude (fold-bias) of sex-biased expression. Here, using recent RNA-seq data, we studied sex-biased gonadal expression in 10,740 protein coding sequences in four species of Drosophila, D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. yakuba and D. ananassae (5 to 44 My divergence). Using an approach wherein we identified genes with lineage-specific transitions (LSTs) in sex-biased status (amongst testis-biased, ovary-biased and unbiased; thus, six transition types) standardized to the number of genes with the ancestral state (S-LSTs), and those with clade-wide expression bias status, we reveal several key findings. First, the six categorical types of S-LSTs in sex-bias showed disparate...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 29, 2020·G3 : Genes - Genomes - Genetics·Carrie A WhittleCassandra G Extavour
Jun 20, 2020·Genome Research·Samuel KhodurskyLi Zhao
Jun 12, 2021·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·Carrie A WhittleCassandra G Extavour
Jul 27, 2021·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Nicolás LichilínAstrid Böhne

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-seq

Software Mentioned

Cluster
PAML
flyDIVaS
CC
DAVID
Mega
Geneious
unb
ts
modENCODE

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