Selective brain cooling and its vascular basis in diving seals

The Journal of Experimental Biology
A S BlixL P Folkow

Abstract

Brain (T(brain)), intra-aorta (T(aorta)), latissimus dorsi muscle (T(m)) and rectal temperature (T(r)) were measured in harp (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and hooded (Cystophora cristata) seals during experimental dives in 4 degrees C water. The median brain cooling was about 1 degrees C during 15 min diving, but in some cases it was as much as 2.5 degrees C. Cooling rates were slow for the first couple of minutes, but increased significantly after about 5 min of diving. The onset of cooling sometimes occurred before the start of the dive, confirming that the cooling is under cortical control, like the rest of the diving responses. T(aorta) also fell significantly, and was always lower than T(brain), while T(m) was fairly stable during dives. Detailed studies of the vascular anatomy of front flippers revealed that brachial arterial blood can be routed either through flipper skin capillaries for nutritive purposes and return through sophisticated vascular heat exchangers to avoid heat loss to the environment, or, alternatively, through numerous arterio-venous shunts in the skin and return by way of large superficial veins, which then carry cold blood to the heart. In the latter situation the extent to which the brain is cooled is d...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 23, 2011·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·S K HookerP L Tyack
Jan 29, 2016·Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology·Mariana Leivas Müller HoffThorsten Burmester
Mar 8, 2018·Experimental Physiology·Anthony R BainPhilip N Ainslie
Apr 21, 2017·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Paul J PonganisCassondra L Williams
Apr 23, 2016·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Arnoldus Schytte Blix
Jun 20, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Michael S Tift, Paul J Ponganis
Oct 18, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Kaitlin N Allen, José Pablo Vázquez-Medina
Jun 24, 2018·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Arnoldus Schytte Blix
Jun 26, 2020·Frontiers in Neuroscience·W Michael Panneton, Qi Gan
Oct 1, 2011·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Paul J PonganisCassondra L Williams
Oct 14, 2011·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Arnoldus Schytte Blix
Mar 29, 2014·The Journal of Experimental Biology·John LarsonThomas J Park
Dec 1, 2020·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Systems Biology and Medicine·Kristijan SkokMarko Gosak
Mar 30, 2018·ACS Chemical Neuroscience·J Trastoy, Ivan K Schuller

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