Selective Early Glial Reactivity in the Visual Pathway Precedes Axonal Loss, Following Short-Term Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Reduction
Abstract
To examine the early glial reactivity and neuron damage in response to short-term cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFp) reduction, as compared with intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. The experiment included 54 male Sprague-Dawley rats with elevated translaminar cribrosa pressure difference (TLPD), defined as IOP minus CSFp. These rats underwent either continuous CSF drainage for 6 hours (n = 18), or unilateral IOP elevation to 40 mm Hg for 6 hours (n = 18). For control, 18 normal rats were anesthetized for 6 hours. Orthograde axonal transport was examined by intravitreal injection of 3% rhodamine-β-isothiocyanate. We also used transmission electron microscopy to display the ultrastructural features of retinal ganglion cell axons in the optic nerve head. Early glial reactivity in the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and superior colliculus (SC) was detected by immunostaining and Western blot for the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS). We also observed the glial reactivity in the inferior colliculus and hippocampus to rule out possible influences of CSF dynamics and composition. Anterograde staining with 3% rhodamine-β-isothiocyanate revealed decreased fluorescence intensity of the SC a...Continue Reading
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