Selectivity and specificity of small molecule fluorescent dyes/probes used for the detection of Zn2+ and Ca2+ in cells

Metallomics : Integrated Biometal Science
Julio A Landero FigueroaJoseph A Caruso

Abstract

Fluorescent dyes are widely used in the detection of labile (free or exchangeable) Zn(2+) and Ca(2+) in living cells. However, their specificity over other cations and selectivity for detection of labile vs. protein-bound metal in cells remains unclear. We characterized these important properties for commonly used Zn(2+) and Ca(2+) dyes in a cellular environment. By tracing the fluorescence emission signal along with UV-Vis and size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS) in tandem, we demonstrated that among the dyes used for Zn(2+), Zinpyr-1 fluoresces in the low molecular mass (LMM) region containing labile Zn(2+), but also fluoresces in different molecular mass regions where zinc ion is detected. However, FluoZin™-3 AM, Newport Green™ DCF and Zinquin ethyl ester display weak fluorescence, lack of metal specificity and respond strongly in the high molecular mass (HMM) region. Four Ca(2+) dyes were studied in an unperturbed cellular environment, and two of these were tested for binding behavior under an intracellular Ca(2+) release stimulus. A majority of Ca(2+) was in the labile form as tested by SEC-ICP-MS, but the fluorescence from Calcium Green-1™ AM, Oregon Green® 488 BAPTA-1, F...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 23, 2014·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Husam Dabbagh-BazarbachiJuan B Fernández-Larrea
Dec 24, 2015·Metallomics : Integrated Biometal Science·Mohammad Rezaul Karim, David H Petering
May 20, 2015·International Journal of Endocrinology·Stephen A Myers
Nov 5, 2014·Metallomics : Integrated Biometal Science·Wolfgang Maret
Jan 31, 2018·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Simona BuraccoSalvatore Bozzaro
Oct 9, 2020·Metallomics : Integrated Biometal Science·Louisa LoviscachGerald Thiel
Jun 3, 2021·Nature Communications·Ashenafi H BetrieScott Ayton
May 5, 2018·ACS Nano·John F Zimmerman, Bozhi Tian

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