Self-efficacy moderates the relationship between health comparisons and social exclusion: results of the German ageing survey

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
André Hajek, Hans-Helmut König

Abstract

Little is known about the consequences of health comparisons. Negative health comparisons might, for example, result in emotions such as anger or frustration. These negative emotions might intensify feelings of social exclusion. Thus, the objective of the current study was to investigate whether health comparisons are associated with social exclusion. Moreover, it was examined whether the relation between health comparisons and social exclusion is moderated by self-efficacy. We analyzed cross-sectional data of N = 7838 individuals from the German Ageing Survey. The German Ageing Survey is a representative sample of community-residing individuals aged 40 and over. An established social exclusion scale was used. The degree of self-efficacy was measured according to Schwarzer and Jerusalem. Health comparisons were measured with the question "How would you rate your health compared with other people your age" (Much better; somewhat better; the same; somewhat worse, much worse). Multiple linear regressions revealed that negative health comparisons were associated with feelings of social exclusion in men, but not women. Furthermore, positive health comparisons were weakly associated with decreased feelings of social exclusion in men....Continue Reading

References

Dec 1, 1990·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology·B P BuunkG A Dakof
Feb 6, 1999·The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences·G Roberts
Sep 11, 2002·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology·Jean M TwengeRoy F Baumeister
Sep 23, 2003·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology·Jean M TwengeRoy F Baumeister
Oct 23, 2003·American Journal of Community Psychology·Thomas Kieselbach
Jun 30, 2010·Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing·C BerryR Chandler
Dec 26, 2015·Journal of the American Medical Directors Association·André Hajek, Hans-Helmut König
Feb 10, 2017·International Journal of Epidemiology·Daniela KlausClemens Tesch-Römer
Feb 10, 2011·European Journal of Ageing·Lisa M WarnerRalf Schwarzer

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