Self-organizing maps as an approach to exploring spatiotemporal diffusion patterns

International Journal of Health Geographics
Ellen-Wien Augustijn, Raul Zurita-Milla

Abstract

Self-organizing maps (SOMs) have now been applied for a number of years to identify patterns in large datasets; yet, their application in the spatiotemporal domain has been lagging. Here, we demonstrate how spatialtemporal disease diffusion patterns can be analysed using SOMs and Sammon's projection. SOMs were applied to identify synchrony between spatial locations, to group epidemic waves based on similarity of diffusion pattern and to construct sequence of maps of synoptic states. The Sammon's projection was used to created diffusion trajectories from the SOM output. These methods were demonstrated with a dataset that reports Measles outbreaks that took place in Iceland in the period 1946-1970. The dataset reports the number of Measles cases per month in 50 medical districts. Both stable and incidental synchronisation between medical districts were identified as well as two distinct groups of epidemic waves, a uniformly structured fast developing group and a multiform slow developing group. Diffusion trajectories for the fast developing group indicate a typical diffusion pattern from Reykjavik to the northern and eastern parts of the island. For the other group, diffusion trajectories are heterogeneous, deviating from the Rey...Continue Reading

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Software Mentioned

GIS
Kohonen R
SxW SOM
SxW
TxS SOM
SOMs
SxT
R script
TxS
SOM

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