Semicarbazide formation in azodicarbonamide-treated flour: a model study

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
A BecalskiS Seaman

Abstract

Semicarbazide was previously found in foods that were in contact with rubber gaskets foamed at high temperatures with a blowing agent azodicarbonamide. Because azodicarbonamide is an approved flour additive in certain countries, we set out to ascertain if semicarbazide is formed during the baking process from flours containing that additive. The levels of semicarbazide in baking flour treated with azodicarbonamide and bread baked from such flours were determined by isotope dilution (13C15N2-semicarbazide) liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The samples were homogenized with HCl, extracted with n-pentane, derivatized with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, and the derivative was extracted with ethyl acetate. After solvent exchange to 10% acetonitrile in water containing 0.1% acetic acid, the samples were analyzed using a 2.1 mm x 150 mm C18 column eluted with 2 mM ammonium formate in water/methanol (40:60). Semicarbazide was formed during the dry heating of commercial azodicarbonamide-containing flours at temperatures of 150-200 degrees C reaching levels of 0.2 mg/kg. Similar levels of semicarbazide were found in the crusts of breads made from azodicarbonamide-treated flour.

Citations

Jun 11, 2005·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Maria Beatriz de la Calle, Elke Anklam
Feb 2, 2006·Food Additives and Contaminants·A BecalskiS Seaman
Dec 18, 2015·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Xiaojun ZhangJian Wang
Oct 13, 2009·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Dimitris VlastosKlimentini Epeoglou
Sep 12, 2015·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Richard H StadlerLucie Racault
Jul 12, 2011·Analytica Chimica Acta·Colin S ThompsonD Glenn Kennedy
Jul 4, 2015·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Grant A Abernethy
Feb 5, 2008·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·J V SamsonovaC T Elliott
Jun 4, 2013·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Zhiyuan FangLingwen Zeng
Oct 22, 2019·European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·Nonkululeko H ZumaDavid D N'Da
Jun 3, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Lihong XingXuying Zheng
Jul 27, 2021·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Zhongxin LiangDong Yang
Feb 9, 2011·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Christof Van PouckeCarlos Van Peteghem
Feb 29, 2008·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Gregory O NoonanGregory W Diachenko

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.