PMID: 15235328Jul 6, 2004Paper

Sending the signal: molecular mechanisms regulating glucose uptake

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
A KrookJ R Zierath

Abstract

The molecular signaling mechanisms by which insulin leads to increased glucose transport and metabolism and gene expression are not completely elucidated. We have characterized the nature of insulin signaling defects in skeletal muscle from Type 2 diabetic patients. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) phosphorylation, phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity, and glucose transport activity are impaired as a consequence of functional defects, whereas insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, and glycogen synthase activity are normal. Using biotinylated photoaffinity labeling, we have shown that reduced cell surface GLUT4 levels can explain glucose transport defects in skeletal muscle from Type 2 diabetic patients under insulin-stimulated conditions. Current work is focused on mechanisms behind insulin-dependent and insulin-independent regulation of glucose uptake. We have recently determined the independent effects of insulin and hypoxia/AICAR exposure on glucose transport and cell surface GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle from nondiabetic and Type 2 diabetic subjects. Hypoxia and AICAR increase glucose transport via an insulin-independent mechanism involving activation ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 24, 2014·BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine·Jing GaoTao Wang
Nov 28, 2012·Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology·Lorraine P Turcotte, Marcia J Abbott
Aug 19, 2009·Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung·Martin BurtscherMartin Faulhaber
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