Sensitivity of a method for the analysis of facial mobility. II. Interlandmark separation

The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
Carroll-Ann Trotman, Julian J Faraway

Abstract

This study demonstrates a method of quantifying facial movements based on distortions of the skin surface. Landmarks were identified on the faces of five healthy human subjects (2 men and 3 women; mean age, 27.6 years; range, 26 to 29 years), and the distortions were characterized by changes in the separation between 20 pairs of landmark distances during specific maximal facial animations: smile, lip purse, cheek puff, grimace, eye closure, and eye opening. Data were recorded with a video-based tracking system for a period of 3 seconds at a sampling rate of 60 Hz or frames per second. For each subject, we analyzed the change in the separation of 20 pairs of landmarks, of which the majority were bilaterally symmetrical and functionally active. Characteristic patterns of movement emerged for each animation. We found that smiling involved movements of the lateral orbital, circumoral, and chin regions; grimacing involved the inner orbital, lateral orbital, lateral nasal, and upper-lip regions; eye closure involved the inner orbital, lateral orbital, and, to a lesser degree, lateral nasal regions; eye opening involved the inner and lateral orbital regions; cheek puffing involved the cheek and lower-lip regions; and the lip purse ani...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 25, 2001·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·G S WachtmanE K Manders
Sep 9, 2004·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Katsuaki MishimaToshio Sugahara
May 4, 2005·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Carroll-Ann TrotmanCeib Phillips
Jan 8, 2008·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Carroll-Ann TrotmanLyna Rogers
Oct 12, 2012·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Carroll-Ann E TrotmanJohn van Aalst
Jul 17, 2013·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Carroll-Ann TrotmanJohn A van Aalst
May 8, 2003·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Carroll-Ann TrotmanKelly Ritter
Oct 19, 2011·Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America·Chieh-Han John Tzou, Manfred Frey
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Oct 29, 2004·Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons·Carroll-Ann Trotman, Julian J Faraway
Oct 29, 2004·Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons·May NooreyazdanJulian J Faraway
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