Sensitivity to the evaluation of others emerges by 24 months

Developmental Psychology
Sara Valencia Botto, Philippe Rochat

Abstract

Although the human proclivity to engage in impression management and care for reputation is ubiquitous, the question of its developmental outset remains open. In 4 studies, we demonstrate that the sensitivity to the evaluation of others (i.e., evaluative audience perception) is manifest by 24 months. In a first study, 14- to 24-month-old children (N = 49) were tested in situations in which the attention of an audience was systematically manipulated. Results showed that when the experimenter was inattentive, as opposed to attentive, children were more likely to explore an attractive toy. A second study (N = 31) explored whether same-aged children would consider not only the attention of the experimenter but also the values the experimenter expressed for two different outcomes when exploring a toy. We found that children reproduced outcomes that were positively valued by the experimenter significantly more when the experimenter was attentive but were more likely to reproduce negatively valued outcomes when the experimenter was inattentive. A third control study (N = 30) showed that the significant effect of Study 2 disappeared in the absence of different values. Lastly, Study 4 (N = 34) replicated and extended the phenomenon by s...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 18, 2020·Cognitive Science·Gail D HeymanKang Lee
Aug 26, 2020·Psychological Science·Fengling MaGail D Heyman
Apr 16, 2019·Frontiers in Psychology·Philippe Rochat
Dec 4, 2020·Developmental Science·Wen QinGail D Heyman

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