Sequence analysis in Bos taurus reveals pervasiveness of X-Y arms races in mammalian lineages.

Genome Research
Jennifer F HughesD C Page

Abstract

Studies of Y Chromosome evolution have focused primarily on gene decay, a consequence of suppression of crossing-over with the X Chromosome. Here, we provide evidence that suppression of X-Y crossing-over unleashed a second dynamic: selfish X-Y arms races that reshaped the sex chromosomes in mammals as different as cattle, mice, and men. Using super-resolution sequencing, we explore the Y Chromosome of Bos taurus (bull) and find it to be dominated by massive, lineage-specific amplification of testis-expressed gene families, making it the most gene-dense Y Chromosome sequenced to date. As in mice, an X-linked homolog of a bull Y-amplified gene has become testis-specific and amplified. This evolutionary convergence implies that lineage-specific X-Y coevolution through gene amplification, and the selfish forces underlying this phenomenon, were dominatingly powerful among diverse mammalian lineages. Together with Y gene decay, X-Y arms races molded mammalian sex chromosomes and influenced the course of mammalian evolution.

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Citations

Mar 25, 2021·The Journal of Heredity·Thea F RogersAlison E Wright
Jul 27, 2021·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Lukáš KratochvílMartina Johnson Pokorná
Jul 23, 2021·Genome Research·Emily K JacksonDavid C Page

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