Sequencing the transcriptome of milk production: milk trumps mammary tissue

BMC Genomics
Danielle G LemayJ Bruce German

Abstract

Studies of normal human mammary gland development and function have mostly relied on cell culture, limited surgical specimens, and rodent models. Although RNA extracted from human milk has been used to assay the mammary transcriptome non-invasively, this assay has not been adequately validated in primates. Thus, the objectives of the current study were to assess the suitability of lactating rhesus macaques as a model for lactating humans and to determine whether RNA extracted from milk fractions is representative of RNA extracted from mammary tissue for the purpose of studying the transcriptome of milk-producing cells. We confirmed that macaque milk contains cytoplasmic crescents and that ample high-quality RNA can be obtained for sequencing. Using RNA sequencing, RNA extracted from macaque milk fat and milk cell fractions more accurately represented RNA from mammary epithelial cells (cells that produce milk) than did RNA from whole mammary tissue. Mammary epithelium-specific transcripts were more abundant in macaque milk fat, whereas adipose or stroma-specific transcripts were more abundant in mammary tissue. Functional analyses confirmed the validity of milk as a source of RNA from milk-producing mammary epithelial cells. RNA...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 4, 2015·Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces·Sophie GallierTon Van Baalen
Jul 17, 2015·Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia·David C DallasJunai Gan
Apr 12, 2014·American Journal of Primatology·Kimberley A PhillipsMary Lou Voytko
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Jun 15, 2021·Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia·Anna SadovnikovaRussell C Hovey

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GSE49765

Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsy
PCR
biopsies
RNA-Seq
GTPase
fluorescence microscopy
enzymatic dissociation

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01817127

Software Mentioned

Globulator
R
ImageJ
Ensembl
Bowtie
DESeq
Scythe
BLAST
Cufflinks
HTSeq

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