Sequential phases of cortical specification involve Neurogenin-dependent and -independent pathways

The EMBO Journal
Carol SchuurmansFrançois Guillemot

Abstract

Neocortical projection neurons, which segregate into six cortical layers according to their birthdate, have diverse morphologies, axonal projections and molecular profiles, yet they share a common cortical regional identity and glutamatergic neurotransmission phenotype. Here we demonstrate that distinct genetic programs operate at different stages of corticogenesis to specify the properties shared by all neocortical neurons. Ngn1 and Ngn2 are required to specify the cortical (regional), glutamatergic (neurotransmitter) and laminar (temporal) characters of early-born (lower-layer) neurons, while simultaneously repressing an alternative subcortical, GABAergic neuronal phenotype. Subsequently, later-born (upper-layer) cortical neurons are specified in an Ngn-independent manner, requiring instead the synergistic activities of Pax6 and Tlx, which also control a binary choice between cortical/glutamatergic and subcortical/GABAergic fates. Our study thus reveals an unanticipated heterogeneity in the genetic mechanisms specifying the identity of neocortical projection neurons.

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Citations

Sep 12, 2007·Cell and Tissue Research·Paolo MalatestaFilippo Calzolari
Oct 18, 2007·Brain Cell Biology·April C HortonMichael D Ehlers
Dec 6, 2008·Molecular Neurobiology·Sharon MasonLinda J Richards
Nov 3, 2009·Nature Neuroscience·Monika S BrillMagdalena Götz
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Nov 12, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Steffen ScholppAndrew Lumsden
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Oct 3, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Masahiro OnoguchiYukiko Gotoh
Feb 23, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Gina E ElsenRobert F Hevner
Dec 21, 2010·Molecular Biology of the Cell·Shunsuke IchiC S K Mayanil
Jul 20, 2007·Cerebral Cortex·Pallavi P Gopal, Jeffrey A Golden
Aug 15, 2008·Cerebral Cortex·Rosalind S E CarneyJoshua G Corbin
Mar 31, 2009·Cerebral Cortex·Susann BoretiusAnastassia Stoykova
Jun 22, 2010·Cerebral Cortex·Robert BlumMagdalena Götz
Apr 7, 2011·Cerebral Cortex·Rajiv DixitCarol Schuurmans
May 18, 2006·Genes & Development·Laurent NguyenFrançois Guillemot
Mar 21, 2009·Development, Growth & Differentiation·Alessandra Pierani, Marion Wassef
Dec 28, 2007·Molecular and Cellular Biology·Pierre MattarCarol Schuurmans
Mar 1, 2008·BMC Developmental Biology·Tran Cong Tuoc, Anastassia Stoykova
May 20, 2011·Neural Development·Seung-Hyuk ChungRichard Hawkes
Aug 22, 2012·Neural Development·Tarek ShakerCarol Schuurmans
May 27, 2010·PLoS Biology·Christophe HeinrichBenedikt Berninger

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