Serotonin pathway in carcinoid syndrome: Clinical, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
Giuseppe FanciulliNIKE

Abstract

Carcinoid syndrome represents the most common functional syndrome that affects patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms. Its clinical presentation is really heterogeneous, ranging from mild and often misdiagnosed symptoms to severe manifestations, that significantly worsen the patient's quality of life, such as difficult-to-control diarrhoea and fibrotic complications. Serotonin pathway alteration plays a central role in the pathophysiology of carcinoid syndrome, accounting for most clinical manifestations and providing diagnostic tools. Serotonin pathway is complex, resulting in production of biologically active molecules such as serotonin and melatonin, as well as of different intermediate molecules and final metabolites. These activities require site- and tissue-specific catalytic enzymes. Variable expression and activities of these enzymes result in different clinical pictures, according to primary site of origin of the tumour. At the same time, the biochemical diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome could be difficult even in case of typical symptoms. Therefore, the accuracy of the diagnostic methods of assessment should be improved, also attenuating the impact of confounding factors and maybe considering new serotonin precursors or...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 15, 2021·Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders·Kira OleinikovSimona Grozinsky-Glasberg
Mar 14, 2021·Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders·Giovanni Vitale, Antongiulio Faggiano

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