Seryl-tRNA synthetase-mediated essential amino acids regulate β-casein synthesis via cell proliferation and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Abstract
Essential amino acids (EAA) play an important role in promoting milk protein synthesis in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in the relationship between EAA and milk protein synthesis have not been fully explored. This study examined the effects of seryl-tRNA synthetase (SARS) on EAA-stimulated β-casein synthesis, cell proliferation, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) system in BMEC. First, BMEC were cultured in medium either lacking all EAA (-EAA) or that included all EAA (+EAA) for 12 h. The BMEC were then supplemented with the opposing treatments (-EAA supplemented with +EAA and vice versa) for 0 h, 10 min, 0.5 h, 1 h, 6 h, or 12 h, respectively. After the treatment-specific time allotment, proteins were collected for Western blotting. Subsequently, a 2 × 2 factorial design was used to evaluate the interactive of SARS inhibition (control or SARS inhibited) and EAA supply (+EAA or -EAA) on gene and protein abundance, cell viability, and cell cycle in BMEC. Based on the data obtained in the first experiment, the changes in protein abundance of β-casein and SARS depended on EAA treatment time in similar patterns. The protein abundance of β-casein, SARS, and mamm...Continue Reading
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