Seven-year-olds allocate attention like adults unless working memory is overloaded.

Developmental Science
Nelson CowanAmanda L Gilchrist

Abstract

Previous studies have indicated that visual working memory performance increases with age in childhood, but it is not clear why. One main hypothesis has been that younger children are less efficient in their attention; specifically, they are less able to exclude irrelevant items from working memory to make room for relevant items. We examined this hypothesis by measuring visual working memory capacity under a continuum of five attention conditions. A recognition advantage was found for items to be attended as opposed to ignored. The size of this attention-related effect was adult-like in young children with small arrays, suggesting that their attention processes are efficient even though their working memory capacity is smaller than that of older children and adults. With a larger working memory load, this efficiency in young children was compromised. The efficiency of attention cannot be the sole explanation for the capacity difference.

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Citations

Jul 20, 2011·Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition·Amanda L Gilchrist, Nelson Cowan
Dec 20, 2012·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience·Mowei ShenZaifeng Gao
Nov 3, 2010·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·Keisuke FukudaEdward Awh
Aug 4, 2009·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·Rhodri CusackDaniel J Mitchell
Oct 28, 2014·Educational Psychology Review·Nelson Cowan
Mar 31, 2016·Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience·Matthew PeverillMargaret A Sheridan
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Jun 20, 2012·Developmental Science·Stephanie Burnett HeyesMasud Husain
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Jun 20, 2014·Developmental Science·Nelson CowanBret A Glass
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Nov 10, 2017·Developmental Science·Nelson CowanJ Scott Saults
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