Sex-biased microRNA expression in mammals and birds reveals underlying regulatory mechanisms and a role in dosage compensation.

Genome Research
Maria WarneforsHenrik Kaessmann

Abstract

Sexual dimorphism depends on sex-biased gene expression, but the contributions of microRNAs (miRNAs) have not been globally assessed. We therefore produced an extensive small RNA sequencing data set to analyze male and female miRNA expression profiles in mouse, opossum, and chicken. Our analyses uncovered numerous cases of somatic sex-biased miRNA expression, with the largest proportion found in the mouse heart and liver. Sex-biased expression is explained by miRNA-specific regulation, including sex-biased chromatin accessibility at promoters, rather than piggybacking of intronic miRNAs on sex-biased protein-coding genes. In mouse, but not opossum and chicken, sex bias is coordinated across tissues such that autosomal testis-biased miRNAs tend to be somatically male-biased, whereas autosomal ovary-biased miRNAs are female-biased, possibly due to broad hormonal control. In chicken, which has a Z/W sex chromosome system, expression output of genes on the Z Chromosome is expected to be male-biased, since there is no global dosage compensation mechanism that restores expression in ZW females after almost all genes on the W Chromosome decayed. Nevertheless, we found that the dominant liver miRNA, miR-122-5p, is Z-linked but expresse...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 5, 2018·Genes·Shafagh A WatersPaul D Waters
Sep 23, 2020·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Jing LiYa-Dong Tian
Feb 16, 2021·Genome Biology and Evolution·Katja R KasimatisZachary C Stevenson
May 28, 2019·Clinical Biochemistry·Torkia Lalem, Yvan Devaux
Jul 3, 2021·Insects·Xiaomi LiuJennifer A Brisson
Jul 13, 2021·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Matthias StöckYann Guiguen

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