Sex Chromosome Dosage Compensation in Heliconius Butterflies: Global yet Still Incomplete?

Genome Biology and Evolution
James R WaltersChris D Jiggins

Abstract

The evolution of heterogametic sex chromosomes is often-but not always-accompanied by the evolution of dosage compensating mechanisms that mitigate the impact of sex-specific gene dosage on levels of gene expression. One emerging view of this process is that such mechanisms may only evolve in male-heterogametic (XY) species but not in female-heterogametic (ZW) species, which will consequently exhibit "incomplete" sex chromosome dosage compensation. However, recent results suggest that at least some Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) may prove to be an exception to this prediction. Studies in bombycoid moths indicate the presence of a chromosome-wide epigenetic mechanism that effectively balances Z chromosome gene expression between the sexes by reducing Z-linked expression in males. In contrast, strong sex chromosome dosage effects without any reduction in male Z-linked expression were previously reported in a pyralid moth, suggesting a lack of any such dosage compensating mechanism. Here we report an analysis of sex chromosome dosage compensation in Heliconius butterflies, sampling multiple individuals for several different adult tissues (head, abdomen, leg, mouth, and antennae). Methodologically, we introduce a novel applica...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
E-TAB-1500
PRJNA283415

Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-seq
pulldown

Software Mentioned

baySeq
BioConductor
baySeq package
R Development Core Team
R
RSEM
Bowtie2

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