Sex Chromosomes and Sex Phenotype Contribute to Biased DNA Methylation in Mouse Liver.

Cells
Qinwei Kim-Wee ZhuangAnna K Naumova

Abstract

Sex biases in the genome-wide distribution of DNA methylation and gene expression levels are some of the manifestations of sexual dimorphism in mammals. To advance our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to sex biases in DNA methylation and gene expression, we conducted whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) as well as RNA-seq on liver samples from mice with different combinations of sex phenotype and sex-chromosome complement. We compared groups of animals with different sex phenotypes, but the same genetic sexes, and vice versa, same sex phenotypes, but different sex-chromosome complements. We also compared sex-biased DNA methylation in mouse and human livers. Our data show that sex phenotype, X-chromosome dosage, and the presence of Y chromosome shape the differences in DNA methylation between males and females. We also demonstrate that sex bias in autosomal methylation is associated with sex bias in gene expression, whereas X-chromosome dosage-dependent methylation differences are not, as expected for a dosage-compensation mechanism. Furthermore, we find partial conservation between the repertoires of mouse and human genes that are associated with sex-biased methylation, an indication that gene function is lik...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 3, 2021·Biomedicines·Lucia MiglioreAndrea Stoccoro

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
WGBS
Assay
HT-Seq
biopsies
PCA
RNA-seq
methylation profiling

Software Mentioned

Bismark
HOMER
R package GenomicFeatures
trimmomatic
BEDtools
UpSet Plots
Bcl6
ComplexHeatmap
DMLtest
chromHMM

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