PMID: 9662826Jul 15, 1998Paper

Sex determination and primary sex differentiation in amphibians: genetic and developmental mechanisms

The Journal of Experimental Zoology
T B Hayes

Abstract

Most amphibians lack morphologically distinguishable sex chromosomes, but a number of experimental techniques have shown that amphibian sex determination is controlled genetically. The few studies suggesting that environment influences sex determination in amphibians have all been conducted at temperatures outside of the range normally experienced by the species under study, and these effects probably do not occur under natural conditions. No sex-determining genes have been described in amphibians, and sex differentiation can be altered by treatment with exogenous steroid hormones. The effects of sex steroids vary extensively between species, and a variety of steroids can alter the sex ratios of treated larvae. The role of endogenous sex steroids in gonadal differentiation has not been fully explored; thus the natural role of steroids in amphibian gonadal differentiation is unknown. Sex steroid receptors have not been examined in amphibian gonads, and the mechanism of steroid action on the gonad is unclear. In addition to steroids, the thyroid hormones may play a role in gonadal differentiation. Pituitary gonadotrop(h)ins affect gonadal growth, but not differentiation or maturation of gonads. In addition to the issue of resolvi...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 5, 2000·Environmental Health Perspectives·S A SowerK J Babbitt
Apr 18, 2002·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Tyrone B HayesAaron Vonk
Apr 5, 2003·Environmental Health Perspectives·Zhan-Fen QinXiao-Bai Xu
Feb 13, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Shin YoshimotoMichihiko Ito
Dec 6, 2008·Environmental Health Perspectives·Krista A McCoyColette M St Mary
Mar 7, 2009·Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E·Stéphane FlamentAmand Chesnel
Jan 9, 2010·Environmental Health Perspectives·Jason R Rohr, Krista A McCoy
Mar 3, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Tyrone B HayesSherrie Gallipeau
Jun 9, 2009·Environmental Pollution·Reinier M MannScott P Wilson

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