Sex Differences and the Influence of Sex Hormones on Cognition through Adulthood and the Aging Process

Brain Sciences
Caroline GurvichJ Kulkarni

Abstract

Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis that regulate reproductive function have multiple effects on the development, maintenance and function of the brain. Sex differences in cognitive functioning have been reported in both health and disease, which may be partly attributed to sex hormones. The aim of the current paper was to provide a theoretical review of how sex hormones influence cognitive functioning across the lifespan as well as provide an overview of the literature on sex differences and the role of sex hormones in cognitive decline, specifically in relation to Alzheimer's disease (AD). A summary of current hormone and sex-based interventions for enhancing cognitive functioning and/or reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease is also provided.

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Citations

Jul 29, 2020·Experimental Brain Research·Daniela E Aguilar RamirezClaudia L R Gonzalez
Aug 9, 2019·Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India·Satish V Khadilkar, Varsha A Patil
Oct 10, 2020·Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology·Asad ShabbirAmrita Ahluwalia
Mar 16, 2021·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Elisabeth Maria van ZutphenYolande Appelman
Apr 4, 2021·Brain Sciences·Caroline Gurvich, Natalie Thomas
Apr 27, 2021·Biological Psychiatry·Lei GuoDongming Cai
Jun 2, 2021·Neuroscience Bulletin·Luodan YangQuanguang Zhang
Jul 27, 2021·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Florian WorschechEckart Altenmüller
Oct 5, 2021·Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience·Shraddha SapkotaRoger A Dixon

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
bilateral oophorectomy
transgenic

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