Sex differences in H7N9 influenza A virus pathogenesis

Vaccine
Julia HoffmannGülsah Gabriel

Abstract

Sex, gender and age have an impact on incidence and severity of several infectious diseases. Here, we analyzed reported human cases of avian H7N9 influenza A virus infections for potential sex-dependent incidence and mortality. We report that females in their reproductive years display an increased tendency to die of H7N9 influenza than males (female-to-male ratio=1.2). Next, we challenged this potential sex-dependent difference in influenza disease outcome using a mouse infection model. In general, female mice underwent more severe disease than male mice upon infection with various influenza A virus subtypes, such as H7N9, 2009 pH1N1 and H3N2. However, morbidity and mortality were most significantly affected in H7N9 influenza virus infected female mice associated with an increased inflammatory host response. Thus, our mouse infection model described here might assist future investigations on the underlying mechanisms of sex-dependent disease outcome upon zoonotic H7N9 influenza virus infection. Moreover, our findings might help to guide patient management strategies and current vaccine recommendations.

References

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Citations

Nov 7, 2016·Hormones and Behavior·Landon G Vom Steeg, Sabra L Klein
Feb 23, 2017·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Soumitra Ghosh, Robyn S Klein
Dec 23, 2017·Science China. Life Sciences·Jing Tang, Dayan Wang
Dec 20, 2015·American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology·Jackye PeretzSabra L Klein
Jul 18, 2018·Biology of Sex Differences·Meghan S VermillionSabra L Klein
Sep 26, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Haley N CartwrightAnita K McElroy
Oct 10, 2018·Seminars in Immunopathology·Landon G Vom Steeg, Sabra L Klein
Jan 9, 2019·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Anshu P Gounder, Adrianus C M Boon
Feb 11, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Tai-Ling ChaoSui-Yuan Chang
Jun 24, 2019·Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·M-J MaW-C Cao
Jan 23, 2020·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine·Robert C Mettelman, Paul G Thomas
May 6, 2021·American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology·Qing MaYan-Feng Wang
May 23, 2021·Journal of Ovarian Research·Osman A DufailuMeshach Asare-Werehene
Aug 11, 2021·Viruses·Yinuo GuGuoqiang Wang
Aug 11, 2021·Viruses·Xia LinSook-San Wong
Jun 4, 2021·Annual Review of Virology·Rebecca L Ursin, Sabra L Klein

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